Engineering Graphics.

Outcome Based Education (OBE)

System of education that revolves around goals(outcomes)the students are to achieve through a degree program.

Course Learning Outcomes

• Students will be able to understand the role of engineering design process.
• Students will demonstrate the ability to read and write engineering drawing.
• Students will be able to communicate,represent and document the design ideas.
• Student will be able to use modern CAD tools to basic design levels.
• The CLO's are mapped to PLO's and are evaluated at the end of each course.

Text Book and Other Resources.

• Text Book:Technical Graphics Communication 3rd edition by Eric N.Wiebe and Garry R.Bertoline.
  

Typical Engineering Design Cycle.

     
                           

Graphics in Design Process.

Technical graphics is a real and complete language used in the design process for:

1.Visualization.

2.Communication.

3.Documentation.

Visualization

• Visualization is the ability to mentally picture things that are not there.
• Ability to visualize problem solutions and communicate them through sketches is one of the most important skill of a designer.
  

Communication.

• Refinement of your initial sketches so that your design solution can be communicated to others without ambiguity.
• Usually done by creating a three dimensional(3D) model.

Documentation

• Is a process to permanently record that solution/Final sketch/Design.
• 2D drawing follow strict standard practices.These standards are the language used to communicate graphically.
• 3D graphical representation can also be part of the final documentation.

Effectiveness of Graphical Language.

1-Try to write a description of this object.

2-Test your written description by having someone attempt to make a sketch from your description.

     You can easily understand that.........

The word languages are inadequate for describing the size,shape and features completely as well as concisely.

Composition Of Graphic Language.

Graphic language in "engineering application" uses lines to represent the surfaces,edges and contours of objects.

• The language is known as "drawing" or "drafting".
• A drawing can be done using freehand,instruments or computer methods.

Freehand Drawing 

The lines are sketched without using instruments other than pencils and erasers.

Instrument Drawing.

Instruments are used to draw straight lines,circles and curves concisely and accurately.Thus,the drawings are usually made to scale.

Computer Aided drawing

The drawings are usually made by commercial software such as AutoCAD,Pro-E/CREO,solid works etc.

Engineering Drawing

• An engineering drawing is a set of drawings/views/Sections etc. that communicates an idea,design,schematic or model.
• Engineering drawing is an universal graphic language,known as the language of engineers.
• It is used by engineers to develop and record their ideas and transmit them to others for execution.

Different Types of drawing

For e.g. mechanical engineers need productions drawing to manufacture a component or assembly.

Elements of Engineering Drawing

Engineering drawing are made up of graphics language and word language.

Drawing Standards

Standards are set of rules that govern how technical drawings are represented.

• Drawing standards are used so that drawings convey the same meaning to everyone who reads them.

                                    Standard Code

     Turkey             TS                       Turkish Standard

     USA               ANSI          American National Standard Institute

     Japan               JIS                  Japanese Industrial Standard

     UK                   BS                       British Standard

    Australia           AS                    Australian Standard

    Germany          DIN             Deutsches Institut fur Normung

                             ISO            International Standard Organization

                              Drawing Sheet

• Trimmed paper of a size A0~A4
• Standard sheet size(ISO)

         A4        210 x 297

            A3        297 x 420

            A2        420 x 594

            A1        594 x 841

            A0        841 x 1189

      (Dimensions in millimeters)

• Orientation of drawing sheet

1. Type X(A0~A4)

1. Type Y(A4 only)

   

Drawing Scales

Scale is the ratio of the linear dimension of an element of an object shown in the drawing to the real linear dimension of the same element of the object.

•  Designation of a scale consists of the word "SCALE" followed by the indication of its ratio,as follows

            SCALE 1:1   for full size
            SCALE X:1  for enlargement scales (X>1)
            SCALE 1:X  for reduction scale   (X>1)

• Dimension numbers shown in the drawing are correspond to "true size" of the object and they are independent of the scale used in creating that drawing.